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\n(\u4e00)\u5728\u4ece\u8f7b\u3001\u51cf\u8f7b\u3001\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a3\u4e2a\u60c5\u8282\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5f8b\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5411\u6765\u6709\u201c\u5f97\u51cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5fc5\u51cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002[15]2018\u5e7410\u6708\u589e\u8865\u7684\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b15\u6761\u6700\u7ec8\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u201c\u5f97\u51cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u88c1\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u4e88\u4ece\u5bbd\u7684\u7279\u522b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u5747\u5e94\u5151\u73b0\u4ece\u5bbd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7406\u3002\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u72af\u7f6a\u6027\u8d28\u6216\u7f6a\u884c\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u6027\u8d28\u4e25\u91cd\u6216\u8005\u7f6a\u884c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6848\u4ef6(\u5305\u62ec\u8bba\u7f6a\u5e94\u5f53\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u6848\u4ef6)\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c[16]\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u9002\u7528\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7406\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u6b7b\u5211\u6848\u4ef6\u7531\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u800c\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u7f13\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u8f7b\u5211\u7f5a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002[17]\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u7531(\u5373\u524d\u8ff0\u7b2c1\u9879\u4f9d\u636e)\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8f7b\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u9884\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u51cf\u5c0f\u6216\u8005\u8d23\u4efb\u5211\u51cf\u8f7b\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u5c31\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201d\u6839\u636e\u6848\u4ef6\u60c5\u51b5\u51cf\u8f7b\u6216\u8005\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201d\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u60c5\u8282\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5176\u72af\u7f6a\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u8003\u8651\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\uff1b\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u60c5\u8282\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u9002\u5f53\u589e\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u771f\u8bda\u6094\u7f6a\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u9000\u8d43\u9000\u8d54\u3001\u8d54\u507f\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u635f\u5931\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u9884\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201d\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\u60c5\u8282\u6216\u8005\u72af\u7f6a\u8f83\u8f7b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9006\u5411\u7684\u4ece\u91cd\u5904\u7f5a\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5ba3\u544a\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u8f7b\u3001\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u758f\u4e8e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u4e8b\u5b9e[18]\u6216\u8005\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u7acb\u529f\uff0c[19]\u6216\u8005\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5173\u4e8e\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u660e\u786e\u9650\u5236\uff0c[20]\u4ece\u800c\u7a81\u7834\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002
\n(\u4e8c)\u5bf9\u201c\u4ece\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u201d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f5c\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u5224\u65ad
\n\u4ece\u8bd5\u70b9\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u4ece\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u201d\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u6216\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6848\u4ef6\u3002[21]\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u9002\u7528\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\n1.\u628a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u9996\u3001\u5766\u767d\u7b49\u60c5\u8282\u5e76\u5217\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5982G\u5e02\u300a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u8bd5\u70b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u5219\u300b\u7b2c38\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u5728\u4fa6\u67e5\u673a\u5173\u4fa6\u67e5\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u8d77\u8bc9\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u9636\u6bb5\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u544a\u5224\u51b3\u5211\u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u6fc0\u52b1\u5e45\u5ea6\u6309\u9012\u51cf\u539f\u5219\u5904\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e88\u57fa\u51c6\u521110%-30%\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u4ece\u5bbd\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u9000\u8d43\u9000\u8d54\u3001\u4e0e\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u53d6\u5f97\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u8c05\u89e3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5211\u4ece\u5bbd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u201d
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\n\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u9662\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u6848\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5c0a\u91cd\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u7ecf\u91cf\u5211\u8c03\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ef4\u62a4\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4ece\u5bbd\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u8fa9\u62a4\u4eba\u6216\u503c\u73ed\u5f8b\u5e08\u5c31\u91cf\u5211\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u53ca\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9650\u5185\u8c03\u6574\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5408\u8bae\u5ead\u6216\u72ec\u4efb\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e8b\u5148\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u77e5\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u7ed3\u8bba\u8981\u6c42\u63a7\u8fa9\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e00\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u201c\u68c0\u6cd5\u4e32\u901a\u201d\u5171\u540c\u5f15\u8bf1\u6216\u903c\u8feb\u88ab\u8ffd\u8bc9\u4eba\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e2018\u5e7410\u6708\u4fee\u6b63\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b28\u6761\u3001\u7b2c29\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u529e\u6848\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u63d0\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u8c03\u6574\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u9664\u91cd\u5927\u3001\u654f\u611f\u6848\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u529e\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u6216\u8005\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u529e\u6848\u7ec4\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u5bdf\u957f\u7279\u522b\u6388\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u5ead\u652f\u6301\u516c\u8bc9\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u6709\u6743\u6839\u636e\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u5408\u8bae\u5ead\u6216\u72ec\u4efb\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5f53\u5ead\u8c03\u6574\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6cd5\u5ead\u6839\u636e\u516c\u8bc9\u4eba\u5f53\u5ead\u8c03\u6574\u5e76\u7ecf\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u666f\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ece\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b201\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002[29]
\n\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u91c7\u7eb3\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7eb3\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5747\u5e94\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5211\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u8282\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u5bbd\u60c5\u8282(\u5982\u81ea\u9996\u3001\u5766\u767d)\uff0c\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u8f7b\u201d\u201c\u51cf\u8f7b\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u514d\u9664\u201d\u5904\u7f5a\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u7531\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7eb3\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u5e94\u5f53\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5211\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u7406\u7531\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u4e88\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u201d\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u5728\u63f4\u5f15\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u63f4\u5f15\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6784\u6210\u6307\u63a7\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u5206\u5219\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u4ece\u5bbd\u5904\u7f5a\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u603b\u5219\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u63f4\u5f15\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b15\u6761\u548c\u7b2c201\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c[30]\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u91cf\u5211\u88c1\u5224\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\n\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011
\n[1]\u6839\u636e\u300a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u8bd5\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u622a\u6b622018\u5e749\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8bd5\u70b9\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u7ed3\u768420\u4f59\u4e07\u4ef6\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u5360\u6bd496.63%\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u5360\u6bd42.96%\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u4ee5\u4e0b\u62a5\u6838\u7684\u5360\u6bd40.02%\uff0c\u514d\u9664\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u5360\u6bd40.39%\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u4e91\u817e\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2018\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c273\u9875\u3002
\n[2]\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u536b\u4e1c\uff1a\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff1b\u9b4f\u6653\u5a1c\uff1a\u201c\u5b8c\u5584\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u5c55\u5f00\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff1b\u5f6d\u6587\u534e\uff1a\u201c\u5211\u6cd5\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u653f\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5(\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8bba\u4e1b)\u300b2018\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002
\n[3]\u738b\u745e\u541b\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u8ba4\u7f6a\u4ece\u5bbd\u2019\u5b9e\u4f53\u6cd5\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002
\n[4]\u53c2\u89c1\u5468\u5e38\u5fd7\uff1a\u201c\u5b8c\u5584\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u80e1\u536b\u5217\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u5c4a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u8bba\u575b\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u68c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u7248\u793e2017\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c52-53\u9875\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u718a\u79cb\u7ea2\uff1a\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5b8c\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\u3002
\n[5]\u8d75\u6052\uff1a\u201c\u8bba\u4ece\u5bbd\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002
\n[6]\u5362\u5efa\u5e73\uff1a\u201c\u5211\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002
\n[7]\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c174\u6761\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u7b7e\u7f72\u5177\u7ed3\u4e66\u3002
\n[8]\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u660c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b(\u7b2c8\u7248)\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2017\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c224\u9875\u3002
\n[9]\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b(\u4e0a)\u7b2c5\u7248\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a2018\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c550\u9875\u3002
\n[10]\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u201c\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd\u8d23\u4efb\u5211\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6e05\u534e\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002
\n[11]ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Pleas of Guilty, 3d ed.1999, Standard 14-1.8.
\n[12]\u53c2\u89c1\u610f\u5927\u5229\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c459\u6761\u3002
\n[13]Thomas Weigend &Jenia Iontcheva Turner, Constitutionality of Negotiated Criminal Judgments, 15 German L. J.81, 93(2014).
\n[14]Sentencing Guidelines Council, Reduction in Sentence for a Guilty Plea Definitive Guideline (effective 1 June 2017), Part D.
\n[15]\u53c2\u89c1\u8c2d\u4e16\u8d35\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u4f53\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6cd5\u53cc\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\uff1b\u718a\u79cb\u7ea2\uff1a\u201c\u8ba4\u7f6a\u8ba4\u7f5a\u4ece\u5bbd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b8c\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\u3002
\n[16]\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u540e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u91cf\u5211\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002
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